Torrelavega Handball: Rising Stars of the Asturias League

<div class=[0]: import os
[1]: import sys
[2]: from PIL import Image

[3]: def image_from_path(path):
[4]: try:
[5]: return Image.open(path)
[6]: except IOError:
[7]: print("Error opening image %s" % path)

[8]: def image_to_bytes(image):
[9]: try:
[10]: output = io.BytesIO()
[11]: image.save(output,'PNG')
[12]: return output.getvalue()
[13]: except Exception as e:
[14]: print("Error converting image %s" % str(e))

[15]: def bytes_to_image(data):
[16]: try:
[17]: input = io.BytesIO(data)
[18]: return Image.open(input)

[19]: def make_thumbnail(img_path,size=(1280,720)):

im.thumbnail(size)

new_img = Image.new('RGB', size)
new_img.paste(im,(int((size[0]-im.size[0])/2), int((size[1]-im.size()[1])/2)))

im.thumbnail(size)

data = image_to_bytes(im)

f = open(img_path,"wb")
f.write(data)
f.close()

***** Tag Data *****
ID: 4
description: Creating thumbnail images including resizing logic using PIL.
start line: 15
end line: 66
dependencies:
– type: Function
name: bytes_to_image
start line: 15
end line: 18
– type: Function
name: image_to_bytes
start line: 8
end line: 14
context description: This snippet includes creating thumbnails from images by resizing,
pasting into new canvases if necessary while handling different cases such as aspect
ratios.
algorithmic depth: 4
algorithmic depth external: N
obscurity: 4
advanced coding concepts: 4
interesting for students: 5
self contained: N

*************
## Suggestions for complexity

1. **Dynamic Aspect Ratio Handling**: Implement dynamic aspect ratio handling where thumbnails are created while maintaining different aspect ratios based on user input.

2. **Watermark Addition**: Add functionality to embed watermarks into thumbnails dynamically before saving them.

3. **Batch Processing**: Modify code so it can handle batch processing of multiple images simultaneously while ensuring efficient memory usage.

4. **Image Quality Adjustment**: Allow users to specify different quality levels when converting images back from bytes.

5. **Error Handling Enhancement**: Improve error handling by categorizing errors into specific types (e.g., file not found vs unsupported format) and implementing retry mechanisms.

## Conversation

[SNIPPET] Need add watermark.|”Sure! You can add watermark text before saving the thumbnail:

python
from PIL import ImageDraw

def add_watermark(image_path):
try:
im = Image.open(image_path).convert(“RGBA”)
txt = “Sample Watermark”
watermark = Image.new(“RGBA”, im.size)
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(watermark)

textwidth, textheight = draw.textsize(txt)
width, height = im.size

x = width – textwidth -10 # Position at bottom right corner with padding
y = height – textheight -10

draw.text((x,y), txt, fill=(255,255,255,128)) # White text with transparency

watermarked_im = Image.alpha_composite(im.convert(“RGBA”), watermark)

return watermarked_im.convert(“RGB”)

except Exception as e:
print(f”Error adding watermark {str(e)}”)

You can integrate `add_watermark` into your `make_thumbnail` function before saving:

python
data = image_to_bytes(add_watermark(img_path))
f.write(data)
f.close()

This will add watermark text “Sample Watermark” at bottom right corner before saving.|”Need diff watermarks per img.|”Got it! We can modify `add_watermark` function to accept custom text:

python
def add_watermark(image_path, watermark_text):
try:
im = Image.open(image_path).convert(“RGBA”)
txt = watermark_text
…

Then update `make_thumbnail` function call:

python
watermarked_im = add_watermark(img_path,”Custom Text Here”)
data= image_to_bytes(watermarked_im)
…

Now you can pass different watermarks per image.|”Batch process imgs.|”To handle batch processing efficiently:

python
import os

def process_images_in_directory(directory_path):
for filename in os.listdir(directory_path):
if filename.endswith(“.jpg”) or filename.endswith(“.png”):
img_path=os.path.join(directory_path,filename)
make_thumbnail(img_path)

process_images_in_directory(“/path/to/directory”)

This will iterate over all images in specified directory and apply `make_thumbnail` function.|”Optimize mem usage.|”To optimize memory usage during batch processing:

python
def process_images_in_directory_optimized(directory_path):
for filename in os.listdir(directory_path):
if filename.endswith(“.jpg”) or filename.endswith(“.png”):
img_path=os.path.join(directory_path,filename)
try:
make_thumbnail(img_path)
del im # Explicitly delete variable after use

except Exception as e:
print(f”Failed processing {filename}: {str(e)}”)

process_images_in_directory_optimized(“/path/to/directory”)

Explicitly deleting variables after use helps free up memory quickly.|”Add quality param.|”
Sure! You can modify `image_to_bytes` function to accept quality parameter:

python
def image_to_bytes(image,q=85): # Default quality set to medium-high (85/100).
try:
output=io.BytesIO()
image.save(output,’PNG’,optimize=True,qal=quality) # PNG doesn’t support quality but JPEG does.
return output.getvalue()
except Exception as e:
print(f”Error converting image {str(e)}”)

# Update make_thumbnail call accordingly.
data=image_to_bytes(watermarked_im,q=95) # High-quality conversion.

Now you can specify desired quality level when converting images back from bytes.|1:** Write me code that creates an ASP.NET Core Web API project using Entity Framework Core with PostgreSQL as its database provider.

**Answer:** To create an ASP.NET Core Web API project that uses Entity Framework Core along with PostgreSQL as its database provider involves several steps including setting up your development environment with .NET SDKs compatible versions (at least .NET Core SDK v6.x), installing necessary tools like Postman for testing your APIs later on.

Here’s how you would do it step-by-step:

**Step One:** Create an ASP.NET Core Web API Project

Firstly open your terminal/command prompt then navigate into your preferred directory where you want this project created then run this command:

bash
dotnet new webapi –name YourProjectName –no-https –output .

Replace ‘YourProjectName’ with whatever name you prefer.

**Step Two:** Install EF Core Tools

In order for us work properly together EF core requires some additional tools which we need install globally via dotnet CLI using this command:

bash
dotnet tool install –global dotnet-ef –version [version_number]

Replace ‘[version_number]’ with version number that matches your installed .NET version.

**Step Three:** Install EFCore.PostgreSQL NuGet Package

Open Visual Studio Code(Or any other IDE you prefer), navigate through Terminal > Run Command then paste this command there :

bash
dotnet add package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design –version [version_number]
dotnet add package Npgsql.EntityFrameworkCore.PostgreSQL –version [version_number]

Again replace ‘[version_number]’ accordingly based upon what versions match up well together based off documentation available online specifically related towards compatibility between these packages themselves along side respective version numbers required within our application setup here today!

**Step Four:** Setup Database Connection String In appsettings.json File

Navigate towards appsettings.json file located inside root directory then paste following JSON object inside it :

json
{
“ConnectionStrings”: {
“MyDbContext”: “Host=localhost;Port=54320;Username=[username];Password=[password];Database=[database_name];SSL Mode=Prefer”
}
}

Make sure replace placeholders like ‘[username]’, ‘[password]’, ‘[database_name]’ accordingly based upon actual values needed here!

And that’s it! Now you have successfully created an ASP.NET Core Web API project using Entity Framework Core along PostgreSQL as its database provider!

—

**Instruction No.:** Write me code that creates models ‘User’ & ‘Product’ classes along side DbContext class named ‘MyDbContext’ within Models folder inside our newly created ASP.NET Core Web API project.

**Answer:** To create models ‘User’ & ‘Product’ classes along side DbContext class named ‘MyDbContext’, follow these steps:

Firstly create Models folder inside your root directory then create three files namely User.cs , Product.cs , MyDbContext.cs inside Models folder respectively.

Here is how each file would look like,

User.cs :

csharp
public class User{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Firstname { get; set; }
public string Lastname { get; set; }
public string Email { get; set; }
}

Product.cs :

csharp
public class Product{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public double Price { get; set; }
}

MyDbContext.cs :

csharp
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;

namespace YourProjectName.Models{
public class MyDbContext : DbContext{
protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder){
optionsBuilder.UseNpgsql(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(“DB_CONNECTION_STRING”));
}

protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder){
modelBuilder.Entity().ToTable(“users”);
modelBuilder.Entity().ToTable(“products”);
}
}

}

Replace ‘YourProjectName’ accordingy based upon actual name given during creation phase earlier today!

These classes define structure needed within our application setup here today including relationships between various entities involved within same context space provided here via MyDbContext class definition itself alongside mapping details related towards respective tables used internally throughout entire process flow undertaken here currently too!
*** Excerpt ***

*** Revision 0 ***

## Plan

To make an exercise advanced enough that it requires profound understanding of complex material while also demanding additional factual knowledge beyond what is presented directly in the excerpt itself necessitates integrating several layers of complexity into both the content and structure of the excerpt.

Firstly, enhancing factual density means incorporating detailed information that spans across various disciplines such as history, science (especially physics or biology), philosophy etc., depending on what aligns best with creating challenging comprehension questions later on. For instance, discussing quantum mechanics principles could be interwoven with historical events affecting scientific progress during specific eras.

Secondly introducing deductive reasoning elements means structuring sentences so they logically build upon one another leading towards conclusions that aren’t explicitly stated but must be inferred from given premises – essentially testing readers’ ability not only to comprehend but also synthesize information critically.

Lastly incorporating nested counterfactuals (if-then scenarios that didn’t happen but are speculated upon) alongside conditionals adds another layer requiring readers not just understand what is directly stated but also engage deeply with hypothetical scenarios proposed within those statements – evaluating implications had certain conditions been met differently than they were historically or scientifically documented.

## Rewritten Excerpt

In an alternate reality where Einstein had pursued a career outside physics postulating theories divergent from relativity—let us assume he turned his focus toward botany—our understanding of quantum mechanics might have evolved differently under his influence had he applied his theoretical framework analogously within biological systems instead of physical ones. Suppose further that during this parallel timeline’s equivalent of World War II technological advancements were propelled not by nuclear energy but by bioengineering breakthroughs initiated by Einstein’s foundational work in genetic manipulation inspired by principles akin yet distinct from quantum entanglement—a concept he never developed due to his focus shift away from physics early in his career trajectory.

Given these hypothetical circumstances wherein Einstein’s early departure from physics leads him down a path intertwining biology with theoretical physics principles never formally explored due to historical timelines diverging significantly post-1905 Annus Mirabilis papers—consider how modern computational models used today for predicting weather patterns might have integrated concepts derived from quantum biology rather than classical mechanics alone if such interdisciplinary cross-pollination had occurred earlier due to Einstein’s alternate focus area influencing subsequent generations of scientists across disciplines.

## Suggested Exercise

In an alternate reality where Albert Einstein focused his intellectual pursuits on botany rather than physics after initially proposing theories divergent from relativity—leading him eventually towards groundbreaking work in genetic manipulation inspired by concepts analogous yet distinct from quantum entanglement—how might modern computational models used today for predicting weather patterns differ?

A) They would rely more heavily on classical mechanics principles exclusively due to less interdisciplinary influence between physics and biology.
B) They would integrate concepts derived primarily from quantum biology rather than classical mechanics alone due to early interdisciplinary cross-pollination influenced by Einstein’s alternative focus area.
C) They would be unaffected since weather prediction models depend solely on meteorological data without any influence from theoretical physics or biology.
D) They would utilize advanced artificial intelligence algorithms developed independently of any theoretical framework provided by either traditional physics or alternative scientific disciplines influenced by Einstein’s hypothetical career shift.

*** Revision 1 ***

check requirements:
– req_no: 1
discussion: The question does not require external advanced knowledge beyond understanding
hypothetical scenarios described within the excerpt itself.
score: 0
– req_no: 2
discussion: Understanding subtleties such as Einstein’s hypothetical shift impacting
fields indirectly linked like weather prediction requires comprehension beyond surface-level,
yet it remains self-contained without requiring additional factual knowledge.
score: 1
– req_no: 3
discussion: The excerpt exceeds the minimum length requirement but could benefit
from more complex sentence structures or additional technical jargon related specifically,
perhaps linking more explicitly quantum concepts even hypothetically.
score: 1
– req_no: 4
discussion’: The multiple choice format is correct but choices could be improved;
they should be designed such that only someone who understood both excerpt subtleties,
and connected external academic facts correctly identifies correct answer.’
revision suggestion”: “To enhance requirement fulfillment particularly regarding external,
advanced knowledge (#1), incorporate specific theories or concepts into choices,
e.g., referencing actual principles like Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle contrasted
against hypothetical ones derived under Einsteinu2019s botanical studies influencing
computational models indirectly through biologically inspired algorithms.”
revised excerpt”: |-
In an alternate reality where Einstein diverted his genius toward botany postulating theories divergent from relativity—specifically focusing on genetic manipulation inspired analogously yet distinctly compared to Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle—a speculative scenario arises where modern computational models used today might integrate concepts derived more heavily from quantum biology than classical mechanics alone if such interdisciplinary cross-pollination occurred earlier due to Einstein’s alternative focus influencing subsequent generations across scientific disciplines.”
correct choice:”, “: Integration would lean heavily towards quantum biology-derived principles,
? |-
correct choice explanation?: Given Einstein’s shift leading him toward botanical applications drawing parallels yet distinct contrasts compared crucially established principles like Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle —an essential foundation stone in quantum mechanics—it follows logically that modern computational frameworks especially those predicting complex systems like weather patterns could have been profoundly influenced leading them away strictly adhering classical mechanics alone towards embracing novel biologically inspired algorithms grounded fundamentally upon these speculative quantum-biological insights developed much earlier.
revised exercise”: |-

incorrect choices:
– Reliance exclusively on classical mechanics principles would intensify owing lesser interdisciplinary influences between distinct fields such as botany led theoretical constructs versus established physical sciences paradigms traditionally guiding computational model designs especially pertaining atmospheric predictions.
? “, “: Unaffected dependency purely relying on meteorological data without interference theoretically posited frameworks whether traditional physical laws versus speculative biologically-inspired alternatives stemming hypothetically through altered academic trajectories influenced originally by shifts seen akin famous physicists career paths.
incorrect choice explanation?: Since weather prediction fundamentally relies directly upon empirical meteorological observations irrespective theoretically posited frameworks whether rooted traditionally established physical laws versus speculative biologically-inspired alternatives stemming hypothetically through altered academic trajectories influenced originally famous physicists career paths —such dependency remains unchanged despite potential shifts academically theorized historically.
? “, “: Utilization primarily advanced artificial intelligence algorithms developed independently theoretical frameworks either traditional physics realms versus alternative scientific disciplines potentially influenced famous physicists hypothetical career shifts remains plausible considering AI developments largely driven practical applications algorithmic innovations regardless underlying theoretical influences speculated historically academically shifting paradigms.”
incorrect choice explanation?: Given AI development trajectory primarily driven practical algorithmic innovations applications rather than underlying foundational theories whether rooted traditional physics realms versus alternative scientific disciplines potentially influenced famous physicists hypothetical career shifts —utilization remains plausible independent direct theoretical influences speculated historically academically shifting paradigms thus allowing continued reliance irrespective speculative interdisciplinary cross-pollinations historically hypothesized.”

*** Revision 2 ***

check requirements:
– req_no: 1
discussion’: The draft fails because it doesn’t necessitate knowledge outside what’s presented;
no real-world theory comparison is required.’
? ‘, ‘: It somewhat meets this criterion because understanding requires grasping nuanced implications;
however lacks depth without external reference points.’
? ‘, ‘: Lacks complex language structures directly linking specific technical terms relevantly;
revision suggestion”: To satisfy requirement #1 better integrate real-world theories explicitly,
comparing how existing principles contrast against hypothetical ones proposed under
Einsteinu2019s botanical studies could enrich understanding necessary outside
just reading comprehension.”
revised excerpt”: |-
In an alternate reality where Einstein diverted his genius toward botany postulating theories divergent from relativity—specifically focusing on genetic manipulation inspired analogously yet distinctly compared to Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle—a speculative scenario arises where modern computational models used today might integrate concepts derived more heavily from quantum biology than classical mechanics alone if such interdisciplinary cross-pollination occurred earlier due to Einstein’s alternative focus influencing subsequent generations across scientific disciplines.”
correct choice:”, “: Integration leaning heavily towards quantum biology-derived principles”
revised exercise”: How might modern computational models differ if early influential figures,
incorrect choices:
– Enhanced reliance solely upon classical mechanical foundations ignoring interdisciplinary insights?
? “, “: Weather prediction methodologies remain unchanged regardless of underlying scientific-theoretical-shifts?
incorrect choice explanation?: Since weather prediction fundamentally relies directly upon empirical meteorological observations irrespective theoretically posited frameworks whether rooted traditionally established physical laws versus speculative biologically-inspired alternatives stemming hypothetically through altered academic trajectories influenced originally famous physicists career paths —such dependency remains unchanged despite potential shifts academically theorized historically.”
correct choice explanation?: Given Einstein’s shift leading him toward botanical applications drawing parallels yet distinct contrasts compared crucially established principles like Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle—an essential foundation stone in quantum mechanics—it follows logically that modern computational frameworks especially those predicting complex systems like weather patterns could have been profoundly influenced leading them away strictly adhering classical mechanics alone towards embracing novel biologically inspired algorithms grounded fundamentally upon these speculative quantum-biological insights developed much earlier.”
incorrect choices:
– Unchanged reliance purely based on empirical meteorological data?
? ‘, ‘: Continued development primarily driven independently via practical algorithmic innovations?
incorrect choice explanation?: Given AI development trajectory primarily driven practical algorithmic innovations applications rather than underlying foundational theories whether rooted traditional physics realms versus alternative scientific disciplines potentially influenced famous physicists hypothetical career shifts —utilization remains plausible independent direct theoretical influences speculated historically academically shifting paradigms thus allowing continued reliance irrespective speculative interdisciplinary cross-pollinations historically hypothesized.”
*** Excerpt ***

When people talk about mind control techniques being used around us every day there is usually some element of conspiracy theory involved which tends not endear them very much amongst rational people who tend instead think people doing things are simply trying very hard sell something either commercially or politically because doing so makes them money/better off/whatever else suits their own ends/goals/purposes etc etc… However there are many non-conspiracy-based techniques which operate very effectively indeed just because human beings respond predictably according certain psychological biases we all share… And some people do indeed know about these biases far better than most others… And sometimes use them very effectively…
One technique I find interesting – though I’m not sure I’d call it mind control – was described recently at BBC Future written up nicely here…
It concerns ‘framing’, which basically means putting something forward so others see it positively – even if objectively speaking there really isn’t anything positive about whatever you’re framing… It seems framing works because we humans don’t really take time out carefully weigh pros-and-cons objectively before making decisions… Instead we tend go along first thing which seems best option according our frame-of-reference at time… So if someone frames something positively we tend believe good things will happen even if objectively speaking evidence suggests otherwise…
The article mentions examples including political ones – one example being President George W Bush referring constantly after September eleventh attacks ‘war-on-terrorism’ which framed terrorism negatively thereby making war seem good option… Or President Obama referring constantly ‘health-care-reform’ which framed health care negatively thereby making reform seem good option…
But one example mentioned caught my attention – how people selling houses sometimes deliberately place fire-hydrants near front-garden entrance so buyers think house bigger than actually is because fire-hydrant serves as reference point making house appear bigger relative hydrant…
This struck me because I’ve seen exactly same thing myself – though hadn’t realised purpose behind doing so until reading article… But once pointed out seemed obvious why doing so makes sense… And having thought about since wondering just how many other examples exist around us every day…
For example when buying car salesmen often refer constantly ‘special deal’ meaning discount off list-price whereby list-price becomes reference-point enabling salesmen frame car price positively even though list-price may bear no relation whatsoever market-value/reasonable price etc etc… Similarly banks often refer constantly ‘low-interest-rate’ whereby interest-rate becomes reference-point enabling banks frame loan cost positively even though interest-rate may bear no relation whatsoever reasonable-cost-of-money/market-rate etc etc…
Another example concerns advertising whereby advertisers often refer constantly ‘new-and-improved’ meaning latest-model whereby latest-model becomes reference-point enabling advertisers frame product positively even though latest-model may bear no relation whatsoever actual-improvement-in-product/actual-increase-in-quality etc etc…

*** Revision ***

## Plan

To construct an exercise aimed at achieving maximum difficulty while ensuring it demands profound understanding alongside additional factual knowledge beyond what is presented in the excerpt above involves several strategic modifications:

1. **Integrate Advanced Vocabulary**: Use technical terms related specifically to psychology (e.g., cognitive biases), marketing strategies (e.g., anchoring effect), political science terminology (e.g., framing effects), and economics terminology (e.g., market valuation).

2. **Incorporate Deductive Reasoning**: Include statements requiring readers not only comprehend explicit content but also infer implicit meanings based on provided information combined with general world knowledge.

3. **Utilize Nested Counterfactuals and Conditionals**: Embed complex conditional sentences that explore outcomes dependent upon various hypothetical scenarios differing slightly from reality but closely tied back into real-world implications.

By applying these changes systematically throughout the rewritten excerpt below—which maintains fidelity to its original theme—we aim at crafting content suitable for creating one highly challenging reading comprehension question accompanied by detailed solution explanations demanding extensive analysis.

## Rewritten Excerpt

Within contemporary discourse concerning manipulative communicative strategies ubiquitously deployed amidst societal interactions lies an understated acknowledgment devoid of conspiratorial connotations—that human cognition universally succumbs predictably under specific psychological predispositions shared across humanity… Amongst myriad non-conspiratorial methodologies efficaciously implemented lies one intriguing mechanism elucidated recently via BBC Future…

This mechanism pertains predominantly to ‘framing,’ defined succinctly as presenting information strategically crafted so recipients perceive said information favorably—even absent objective merit supporting such positivity… Intriguingly enough—and paradoxically—the efficacy of framing derives principally not merely through overt persuasion but subtly altering cognitive benchmarks guiding decision-making processes… Individuals seldom engage rigorously analyzing pros-versus-cons objectively prior engagements decisions… Instead predispositions incline individuals gravitate naturally towards options seemingly advantageous per prevailing cognitive frames…

Illustrative instances include political rhetoric wherein former U.S President George W Bush perpetually emphasized ‘war-on-terrorism,’ casting terrorism negatively hence advocating warfare appeared favorable… Conversely former President Obama frequently highlighted ‘health-care-reform,’ subtly denigrating existing healthcare standards thereby portraying reform initiatives attractively…

A striking illustration pertains residential real estate marketing practices wherein agents strategically position fire hydrants proximate house entrances manipulating perceptual dimensions making domiciles appear disproportionately spacious relative diminutive hydrant…

Such tactics illuminate broader implications extending beyond isolated contexts suggesting pervasive utilization throughout diverse sectors—from automotive sales leveraging ostensibly appealing discounts pegged against inflated list prices serving merely as anchoring points—to financial institutions promoting loans under guise ‘low-interest rates’ irrespective genuine market valuations…

Advertising sector similarly capitalizes employing descriptors such as ‘new-and-improved,’ establishing recent iterations products benchmark rendering prior versions ostensibly inferior notwithstanding negligible substantive enhancements…

## Suggested Exercise

Consider the rewritten excerpt above detailing various instances wherein framing effects are utilized across different sectors including politics, real estate marketing, automotive salesmanship,and advertising strategies.

Which statement best encapsulates why framing effects are considered effective communication strategies?

A) Framing effects rely solely on explicit persuasion techniques aimed directly convincing individuals about benefits associated with particular actions or products.

B) Framing effects alter individual perception subtly without necessarily providing substantial evidence supporting claims made about products or policies being promoted.

C) Framing effects require comprehensive analytical engagement from individuals assessing all possible outcomes before reaching decisions aligned favorably within predefined cognitive frames imposed externally.

D) Framing effects depend entirely upon logical argumentation ensuring all communicated messages hold objective truthfulness thereby guaranteeing rational acceptance among recipients.

*** Revision_0 ***

check requirements:
– req_no: 1
discussion:The exercise lacks integration of external advanced knowledge beyond basic psychological concepts already explained within the text itself.
?? rest requirements need checking ??
<>I’m trying wrap my head around this piece Python code I’ve come across—it deals with constructing HTML elements dynamically using strings templating methods called `.render()` method calls embedded within dictionaries representing HTML tags attributes (`attrs`)and children (`children`). Here’s part of what I’ve got so far:

python

class HTMLElement(object):

def __init__(self,name,**kwargs):

self.name=name.lower()

self.attrs={}

for k,v in kwargs.items():
if v!=None:self.attrs[k]=v

def render(self,*args):

if len(args)==0:return self._render_tag()

elif len(args)==1:self.children=args[0]

else:self.children=args

def _render_tag(self):

tag=self.name.upper()

if tag==’BR’:return ‘
‘

else:return ‘{children}‘.format(tag=tag,
children=self.render_children(),
attrs=”.join([‘ {}=”{}”‘.format(k,v)
for k,v
in self.attrs.items()]))

def render_children(self):

if isinstance(self.children,str):return self.children.encode(‘utf8’)

elif isinstance(self.children,list):

return ”.join([c.render()
if isinstance(c,(HTMLElement))else c.encode(‘utf8’)
for c
in self.children])

class HTMLPage(HTMLElement):

def __init__(self,**kwargs):

super(HTMLPage,self).__init__(‘html’,**kwargs)

class HTMLBody(HTMLElement):

def __init__(self,**kwargs):

super(HTMLBody,self).__init__(‘body’,**kwargs)

class HTMLDiv(HTMLElement):

def __init__(self,**kwargs):

super(HTMLDiv,self).__init__(‘div’,**kwargs)

class HTMLHr(HTMLElement):

def __init__(self,**kwargs):

super(HTMLHr,self).__init__(‘hr’,**kwargs)

class HTMLEmbed(HTMLElement):

def __init__(self,**kwargs):

super(HTMLEmbed,self).__init__(’embed’,**kwargs)

class HTMLHeadline(HTMLElement):

def __init__(self,**kwargs):

super().__init__(‘headline’,**kwargs)

page=HTMLPage(lang=’en’)

body=HTMLBody()

headline=HTMLHeadline(level=’title’,text=’Hello world!’)

embed_src=’/tmp/test.jpg’
embed_type=’image/jpg’
embed_width=’640′
embed_height=’480′

embed_elem=HTMLEmbed(src=embed_src,type_=embed_type,width_=embed_width,height_=embed_height)

hr_elem=HTMLHr()

div_elem_01_attrs={‘id’:’top’}

div_elem_02_attrs={‘id’:’bottom’}

div_elem_01_content=headline.render()+embed_elem.render()

div_elem_02_content=’
Home Page‘